Table of contents :
Cover
Marine Propellers
and Propulsion
Copyright
Dedication
Preface to the Fourth Edition
Preface to the Third Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the First Edition
Nomenclature
Upper Case
Lower Case
Suffixes
Greek and Other Symbols
Abbreviations
1
The Early Development of the Screw Propeller
Bibliography
2
Propulsion Systems
Fixed Pitch Propellers
Ducted Propellers
Podded and Azimuthing Propulsors
Contrarotating Propellers
Overlapping Propellers
Tandem Propellers
Controllable Pitch Propellers
Surface Piercing Propellers
Waterjet Propulsion
Cycloidal Propellers
Paddle Wheels
Magnetohydrodynamic Propulsion
Rim-Driven Propulsors
Whale-Tail and Fish Propulsion
Hybrid Propulsion
Bibliography
3
Propeller Geometry
Frames of Reference
Propeller Reference Lines
Pitch
Rake and Skew
Propeller Outlines and Area
Propeller Drawing Methods
Section Geometry and Definition
Blade Thickness Distribution and Thickness Fraction
Blade Interference Limits for Controllable Pitch Propellers
Controllable Pitch Propeller Off-Design Section Geometry
Miscellaneous Conventional Propeller Geometry Terminology
Bibliography
4
The Propeller Environment
The Oceans
Density of Water
Salinity
Water Temperature
Viscosity
Vapor Pressure
Dissolved Gases in Sea Water
Surface Tension
Light Penetration
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Weather
Silt and Marine Organisms
Bibliography
5
The Ship Wake Field
General Wake Field Characteristics
Wake Field Definition
Velocity Ratio Method
Taylors Method
Froude Method
Mean Velocity or Wake Fraction
Fourier Analysis of Wake Field
The Nominal Wake Field
Estimation of Wake Field Parameters
Effective Wake Field
Wake Field Scaling
Wake Quality Assessment
Wake Field Measurement
Pitot Methods of Measurement
Hot Wire and Film Anemometry
Laser-Doppler Methods (LDV)
Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)
Bibliography
6
Propeller Performance Characteristics
General Open Water Characteristics
The Effect of Cavitation on Open Water Characteristics
Propeller Scale Effects
Specific Propeller Open Water Characteristics
Fixed Pitch Propellers
Controllable Pitch Propellers
Ducted Propellers
High-Speed Propellers
Standard Series Data
Wageningen B-Screw Series
Wageningen F Series
Wageningen C and D Series
Japanese AU-Series
Gawn Series
KCA Series
Lindgren Series (Ma-Series)
Newton-Rader Series
Other Fixed Pitch Series and Data
Propellers Having Significant Shaft Incidence
Wageningen Ducted Propeller Series
Gutsche and Schroeder Controllable Pitch Propeller Series
The JD-CPP Series
Other Controllable Pitch Propeller Series Tests
Multiquadrant Series Data
Slipstream Contraction and Flow Velocities in the Wake
Behind-Hull Propeller Characteristics
Propeller Ventilation
Bibliography
7
Theoretical Methods-Basic Concepts
Basic Aerofoil Section Characteristics
Vortex Filaments and Sheets
Field Point Velocities
The Kutta Condition
The Starting Vortex
Thin Aerofoil Theory
Pressure Distribution Calculations
Boundary Layer Growth Over an Aerofoil
The Finite Wing
Models of Propeller Action
Source and Vortex Panel Methods
Euler, Lagrangian, and Navier-Stokes Methods
Bibliography
8
Theoretical and Analytical Methods Relating to Propeller Action
Momentum Theory-; R.E. Froude (1887)
Blade Element Theory-
Propeller Theoretical Development (1900-1930)
Burrills Analysis Procedure (1944)
Lerbs Analysis Method (1952)
Eckhardt and Morgans Design Method (1955)
Lifting Surface Correction Factors-Morgan et al.
Lifting Surface Models
Lifting Line-Lifting Surface Hybrid Models
Vortex Lattice Methods
Boundary Element Methods
Methods for Specialist Propulsors
Controllable Pitch Propellers
Ducted Propellers
Pumpjets
Ring Propellers
Contrarotating Propellers
High-Speed and Supercavitating Propellers
Surface Piercing Propellers
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis
Bibliography
9
Cavitation
The Basic Physics of Cavitation
Types of Cavitation Experienced by Propellers
Sheet Cavitation
Bubble Cavitation
Cloud Cavitation
Propeller Vortex Cavitation Types
Hub Vortex Cavitation
Tip Vortex Cavitation
Leading Edge Vortex
Trailing Vortex
Propulsor-Hull Vortex Cavitation
Full Scale Observations of Cavitation
Cavitation Considerations in Design
Cavitation Inception
Cavitation-Induced Damage
Cavitation Testing of Propellers
Analysis of Measured Pressure Data From a Cavitating Propeller
The Prediction of Cavitation
Bibliography
10
Propeller Noise
Physics of Underwater Sound
Nature of Propeller Noise
Noncavitating Propeller Noise
Cavitation Noise
Noise Scaling Relationships
Noise Prediction and Control
Transverse Propulsion Unit Noise
Measurement of Radiated Noise
Radiated Noise in Relation to Marine Mammals
Marine Mammals
Marine Mammal Phonation
Bibliography
11
Propeller, Ship, and Rudder Interaction
Bearing Forces and Moments
Propeller Weight
Dry Propeller Inertia
Added Mass, Inertia, and Damping
Propeller Forces and Moments
Propeller Forces and Moments Induced by Turning Maneuvers
Out-of-Balance Forces and Moments
Influence of the Propeller on Shaft Alignment
Hydrodynamic Interaction
Noncavitating Blade Contribution
Cavitating Blade Contribution
Influence of the Hull Surface
The Characteristics of the Hull Surface Pressure Signature
Methods for Predicting Hull Surface Pressures
Propeller-Rudder Interaction
The Single-Phase Approach
The Two-Phase Approaches
Model Testing
Some Full-Scale Remedial Measures
Bibliography
12
Resistance and Propulsion
Hydrostatically Supported Ships and Boats
Froudes Analysis Procedure
Components of Calm Water Resistance
Wave-Making Resistance RW
The Contribution of the Bulbous Bow
Transom Immersion Resistance and Duck Tails
Viscous Form Resistance
Naked Hull Skin Friction Resistance
Appendage Skin Friction
Viscous Resistance
Methods of Resistance Evaluation
Traditional and Standard Series Analysis Methods
Taylors Method (1910-1943)
Ayres Method (1942)
Aufm Keller Method
Harvald Method
Standard Series Data
Regression-Based Methods
Direct Model Test
General Procedure for Model Tests
Resistance Tests
Open Water Tests
Propulsion Tests
Flow Visualization Tests
Model Test Facilities
Two-Dimensional Extrapolation Method
Three-Dimensional Extrapolation Method
Computational Fluid Dynamics
Propulsive Coefficients
Relative Rotative Efficiency
Thrust Deduction Factor
Hull Efficiency
Quasipropulsive Coefficient
The Influence of Rough Water
Restricted Water Effects
Air Resistance
Multihull Configurations
Catamarans
Trimarans and Pentamarans
Hydrodynamic Support Propulsion
Planing Craft
Stern Wedges, Flaps, and Interceptors
Hydrofoil Craft
The Free Surface
Hydrofoil Cavitation
Ventilation
Hydrofoil Propulsion
Aerostatically Supported Vehicle Propulsion
Aerodynamic Support Propulsion
Bibliography
13
Thrust Augmentation Devices
Devices Before the Propeller
Wake-Equalizing Duct
Asymmetric Stern
Grothues Spoilers
Stern Tunnels, Semi- or Partial Ducts
Reaction Fins
Mitsui Integrated Ducted Propulsion Unit
Hitachi Zosen Nozzle
Mewis Duct
Devices at the Propeller
Increased Diameter/Low rpm Propellers
Grim Vane Wheel
Propellers With End-Plates
Kappel and NPT Propellers
Propeller Cone Fins
Devices Behind the Propeller
Rudder-Bulb Fins Systems
Additional Thrusting Fins
Combinations of Systems
Flettner Rotors
Bibliography
14
Transverse Thrusters
Transverse Thrusters
Performance Characterization
Unit Design
Steerable Internal Duct Thrusters
Bibliography
15
Azimuthing and Podded Propulsors
Azimuthing Thrusters
Podded Propulsors
Steady-State Running
Turning Maneuvers
Crash Stop Maneuvers
Podded Propulsors in Waves
General and Harbor Maneuvers
Specific Podded Propulsor Configurations
Bibliography
16
Waterjet Propulsion
Basic Principle of Waterjet Propulsion
Impeller Types
Maneuvering Aspects of Waterjets
Waterjet Component Design
Tunnel, Inlet, and Supporting Structures
Impeller
Stator Blading
Nozzles, Steering Nozzles, and Reversing Buckets
Bibliography
17
Full-Scale Trials and Measurement Techniques
Power Absorption Measurements and Trials
Techniques of Measurement
Methods of Analysis
Bollard Pull Trials
Trial Location and Conditions
Measurements Required
Propeller-Induced Hull Surface Pressure Measurements
Cavitation Observations
Alternative Measurement Techniques
Fiber Optic Methods
Acoustic Emission Methods
Bibliography
18
Propeller Materials
General Properties of Propeller Materials
Specific Properties of Propeller Materials
High-Tensile Brass
Aluminum Bronzes
Stainless Steels
Cast Iron
Cast Steel
Carbon-Based Composites
High-Damping Alloys
Mechanical Properties
Test Procedures
Bibliography
19
Propeller Blade Strength
Cantilever Beam Method
Numerical Blade Stress Computational Methods
Detailed Strength Design Considerations
Propeller Backing Stresses
Blade Root Fillet Design
Residual Blade Stresses
Allowable Design Stresses
Full-Scale Blade Strain Measurement
Bibliography
20
Propeller Manufacture
Traditional Manufacturing Method
Changes to the Traditional Technique of Manufacture
Bibliography
21
Propeller Blade Vibration
Flat-Plate Blade Vibration in Air
Vibration of Propeller Blades in Air
The Effect of Immersion in Water
Simple Estimation Methods
Finite Element Analysis
Propeller Blade Damping
Propeller Singing
Bibliography
22
Propeller Design
The Design and Analysis Loop
Design Constraints
The Energy Efficiency Design Index
The Choice of Propeller Type
The Propeller Design Basis
The Use of Standard Series Data in Design
The Determination of Diameter
Determination of Mean Pitch Ratio
Determination of Open Water Efficiency
To Find the rpm of a Propeller to Give the Required PD or PE
Determination of Propeller Thrust at Given Conditions
Exploration of the Effects of Cavitation
Design Considerations
Direction of Rotation
Blade Number
Diameter, Pitch-Diameter Ratio, and Rotational Speed
Blade Area Ratio
Section Form
Cavitation
Skew
Hub Form
Shaft Inclination
Duct Form
The Balance Between Propulsion Efficiency and Cavitation Effects
Propeller Tip Considerations
Propellers Operating in Partial Hull Tunnels
Composite Propeller Blades
The Propeller Basic Design Process
The Design Process
Genetic Algorithm Approaches to Design
Bibliography
23
Operational Problems
Performance-Related Problems
Power Absorption Problems
Blade Erosion
Noise and Vibration
Propeller-Integrity-Related Problems
Blade Failure
Previous Repair Failures
Casting Integrity
Impact or Grounding
Bibliography
24
Service Performance and Analysis
Effects of Weather
Hull Roughness and Fouling
Hull Drag Reduction
Propeller Roughness and Fouling
Generalized Equations for the Roughness-Induced Power Penalties in Ship Operation
Monitoring of Ship Performance
Bibliography
25
Propeller-Ice Interaction and Operation
Ice Types
Structure of Ice
Mechanical Properties of Ice
Compressive Strength
Flexural Strength
Tensile Strength
Shear Strength
Elastic Modulus (E)
Poissons Ratio (v)
Creep
Fracture Toughness
Adhesion Strength
Friction Coefficients
Thermal Expansion
Biaxial Loading
Ship Resistance and Propulsion in Level Ice
Models of Propeller Action in Ice
Jagodkin Model
Winds Model
The Kotras, Humphreys, Baird, Morris, and Morley Model
Belyashov and Shpakov Model
Soininen Model
Wang Model
Other Ice Interaction Models
Simplified Loading Equations
Minimum Blade Force
Blade Bending Moment
Blade Spindle Torque
Shaft Thrust
Maximum and Average Shaft Torque
Tip Loads
Ducted Propellers
Model Testing in Ice
Cavitation in Relation to Propeller-Ice Interaction
Trial Results for Propeller-Ice and Hull-Ice Interaction
The Polar Code
Bibliography
26
Propeller Tolerances and Inspection
Propeller Tolerances
Propeller Inspection
Inspection During Manufacture and Initial Fitting
Inspection During Service
Bibliography
27
Propeller Maintenance and Repair
Causes of Propeller Damage
Cavitation Erosion Damage
Maltreatment Damage
Mechanical Service Damage
Wastage Damage
Propeller Repair
Blade Cracks
Boss Cracks
Repair of Defective Castings
Edge Damage to Blade
Erosion Damage
Maintenance of the Blade in Service
Replacement of Missing Blade Sections
Straightening of Distorted Blades
Welding and the Extent of Weld Repairs
Stress Relief
Bibliography
Bibliography
Index
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